October 2025

Researchers from IISc and Caltech have solved a decades-old mystery in photosynthesis, explaining why electrons move through only one pathway. The discovery could help build efficient artificial energy systems.

Astrophotographer Brennan Gilmore captured a rare “disconnection event” on Oct. 2, showing solar wind cutting Comet Lemmon’s glowing green ion tail. The comet, nearing its October 2025 flyby, displayed a vivid coma and long tail—revealing how solar activity reshapes comets in real time.

SpaceX’s Starship Flight 11 marked the final mission of the V2 design, achieving flawless launch and recovery. The next-gen V3 Starship will feature new Raptor 3 engines, advanced docking systems, and upgraded booster recovery—critical milestones as SpaceX prepares for its upcoming Mars fleet and NASA’s Artemis III lunar landing.

Astronomers using a global radio telescope array have detected the smallest known pure dark matter clump, roughly a million times the Sun’s mass. Found through a faint gravitational distortion in an Einstein ring, it offers new insight into how dark matter halos form across the universe.

A new study in Acta Astronautica warns that Low Earth Orbit is becoming dangerously congested. Since 2019, the number of satellites performing more than ten collision-avoidance maneuvers per month has risen sevenfold. With nearly 25,000 tracked objects and more launches planned, scientists fear a chain-reaction risk and call for stronger global coordination in orbital management.